SQLAlchemy

The Python SQL toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.

SQLAlchemy is the de facto open-source SQL toolkit and ORM for Python, offering both a high-level ORM and a lower-level Core expression language for direct SQL construction. It supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, Oracle, SQL Server, and many other backends through a unified, dialect-aware API. It is notable as the foundation of much of the Python data ecosystem and underpins tools like FastAPI's SQLModel and Alembic migrations.